Postharvest treatment of H. uvarum Y3 combined with 1.5% phosphatidylcholine significantly reduced weight loss in comparison with the control treatment. On the other hand, a synthetic mixture of limonene, the major terpene in the wounded fruit atmosphere, with acetaldehyde, ethanol and CO2, at concentrations similar to those measured in the atmosphere around wounded oranges, stimulated spore germination on water agar to the same degree as the natural mixture of volatiles. norvegicum Sopp (1912), P. digitatoides Peyronel (1913), and P. lanosogrisellum Biourge (1923). Thus, Zhu et al. The taxonomic synonyms (facultative or heterotypic synonyms) are P. olivaceum Wehmer (1895), P. olivaceum Sopp (1912), P. olivaceum var. However, another promoting factor was isolated from the oil and was identified as prangolarin by spectrometric analysis. [1] On Creatine Sucrose Agar at 25 °C, colony size diameter ranges from 4 to 10 mm. Volatile compounds that stimulate spore germination or fungal development were suggested by French (1985) to act by altering membrane permeability or regulating metabolism. temperature and humidity to grow and reproduce. Their results indicated that ethylene conditioning had neither a deleterious effect on internal and external fruit quality nor on the concentration of phenolic or flavonoids (Fig. (1995) investigated the possibility that some components of the lemon peel oil might be essential for fungal development in the peel tissues. They are ubiquitously distributed on the earth in a diverse range of habitats, including plants, soil, air, food products, and various extreme environments [].P. It appeared that oils produced from different citrus fruits might differ in. Previously known as Penicillium notatum, Penicillium Chrysogenum is a widely studied species of Penicillium that is most famous for being a source of penicillin and several other antibiotics.P. With the exception of Penicillium marneffei, which is thermally dimorphic, Penicillium are filamentous fungi. polysaccharide of Penicillium digitatum, before and after enzymatic treatment, was determined by the reductive-cleavage technique. Indeed, storage fungi are capable of acquiring resistance to fungicides (Ben-Yehoshua et al., 1996; Kellerman et al., 2014). (oranges, lemons, grapefruits, tangerines, kumquats) have also induced stimulation of germination of P. digitatum spores. 15 … [1][13] The conidiophore is usually an asymmetrical, delicate structure with smooth, thin walls. [1] Latex agglutination detects Aspergillus and Penicillium species in foods by attaching antibodies specific for the extracellular polysaccharide of P. digitatum to 0.8 μm latex beads. This recent and important result was achieved through the collaboration effort of research teams in Catalonia and Valencia. [20] There has been one case report identifying P. digitatum as the cause of a fatal case of pneumonia through molecular methods. [3] Injuries can also be caused by other events such as frost and insect bites, and can be as minor as damage to fruit skin oil glands. 2. Plant Disease, 75(11):1098-1100. : Fr.) Bars indicate standard errors. Others of this species are used in the food making industry specifically in the production of … The fungus finally degrades the fruit into a slimy and watery mass. [1] Thiamine, on the other hand, has been observed to accelerate fungal growth with the effect being co-metabolically enhanced in the presence of tyrosine, casein or zinc metal. These results and the Qualified Presumption of Safety status recently obtained by European Food Safety Authority for the use of W. anomalus as a novel microorganism in food preservation, demonstrate the potential application of these bioactive coatings as effective and promising alternatives to synthetic antifungal agents for maintaining quality attributes and controlling green mold of “Valencia” oranges. Growth occurs down to 0 °C or slightly below, and up to 32–34 °C, with an optimum near 24 °C. Porat et al. Tea saponin was found to enhance fungus inhibition by the bacillus. Biotechnologically produced AfpB inhibited the growth of major pathogenic fungi at minimal concentrations, surprisingly including its parental fungus, and conferred protection to crop plants against fungal infections. The fruiting structures (penicilli) of Penicillium from this patient have a brush-like appearance; the spores of Penicillium digitatum are typically elliptical under the microscope. 6.2) and Penicillium italicum, known as the green and blue molds, respectively (Nunes et al., 2010).